Jahrbuch der Psychoanalyse: Band 80: Deutungen

• Bernd Nissen: Deutung – Ein Aufriss von Freud über Klein und Bion bis zur Gegenwart
• Giuseppe Civitarese: Sag es »schräg« – Die Rolle der Deutung in der postbionschen Theorie des analytischen Feldes
  
  Abstract

  The way in which interpretation is conceived in the post-bionian model of the analytical field is very different from the traditional one: it is no longer considered as the expression of the analyst‘s knowledge about the patient, but as a multidimensional offer of meaning intended to bring new ideas and emotions to life at an intersubjective level. It is not so much about conveying pre-packaged contents but about developing functions. A good interpretation does not have to be labelled ›interpretation‹ any more. It is ›good‹, if it reflects the quality of the analyst’s listening, his receptivity to the unconscious. In its manifest form, it might be an interjection, a gesture, a moment of silence, a trivial or even a very complex and sophisticated comment, etc. From this point of view, the classic way of bringing together transference, infantile neurosis, trauma, etc. is often seen as a tell-tale sign of the deafness of an analyst who is tragically incapable of a 360 degrees listening to the unconscious, i.e. incapable also of listening to his own unconscious and to what is happening in the here and now.
• Norbert Matejek: Die Analyse träumen – Überlegungen zum Modell der Alpha-Funktion
  
  Abstract

  In his analysis of the phenomenon of dreaming, Sigmund Freud has mainly focused on the content of dreams and the effects of its (disguising) mechanisms. In his view, ›dream-work‹ mostly operates in a reactive way, protecting the conscious ego from impulses of the id and hiding latent truths from their dreamer. In Wilfred Bion’s extension of the Freudian dream theory, the act of dreaming and Alpha-function imply a cooperative-oppositional interaction of the pleasure principle and the reality principle. In his view, dreaming and the Alpha-function occur day and night, strongly influencing the reality principle and all psychic functions of waking life. In this view, psychopathology is understood as an indicator of unsuccessful and / or incomplete dreaming. The patients’ unconscious problem must first be dreamt by the analyst in order to be processed – as elements suitable for mentalization and dreaming. On the basis of a clinical vignette, a transference situation is illustrated in which the patient’s problem can at first only be observed and not be ›successfully dreamt‹. Due to the failure of the Alpha-function, the patient was at an early stage deprived of the opportunity to connect to a substantial part of her self. This part remained unavailable for her own development and became something that she could only observe in other people, but could not actually experience in herself. The author shows how in a protracted process, the analyst comes to identify with – and thereby »becomes« (Bion) – what is presented to him by the unconscious of the patient. Only then the patient is enabled to getting to know aspects of her emotional situation in dreaming, and to internalize a relieving Alpha-function. Finally, references are made to the technical recommendations by Bion. These should encourage the analyst to use and adopt a fresh ›dreaming point of view‹.
• Delaram Habibi-Kohlen: Ein hoffnungsloser Fall? Zum Paradox vom Überleben-Können nur im Toten
  
  Abstract

  The Negative Therapeutic Reaction rightly receives more critical scrutiny today, since in the past it has often been framed as the patient’s destructive acting-out. But even if one understands malignant regressions, successes undone or engrained stagnation as phenomena of transference / countertransference dynamics, a thorough self-analysis is required for the analyst not to fall prey to seduction by an NTR conceptualization that resists empathy with prevailing processes of desobjectalization, as described in the present casuistry. The elaboration of depressive states in the countertransference is necessary in order, on one hand, to find a way out of dead ends and, on the other hand, to accept the necessity of the patient‘s places of retreat where these may represent a lesser evil, or to endure the oscillation between both positions.
• Thomas Reitter: Den Schmerz des Undenkbaren vermeiden – negative ›therapeutische‹ Reaktionen und Wiederholungszwang neu betrachtet
  
  Abstract

  In this paper three aspects are examined which despite of their passing reference in the psychoanalytic literature seem to be of great relevance for the occurrence of negative phenomena such as the so-called negative therapeutic reaction and the repetition compulsion. The first aspect, the avoidance of psychic pain, plays the most significant role. The fact, that the difference in the perception leads to a reactivation of repressed or rejected memories, explains why better experiences are avoided and bad ones are repeated compulsively. Other aspects entering in the dynamics of repetition compulsion are the aesthetic conflict described by D. Meltzer, and the sacrificing of one’s own potentialities as a kind of expiation or reparation of transgenerationally transmitted guilt, but also the fear of annihilating oblivion, which is observable in the clinical and societal context. Finally, technical issues are discussed that result from the theoretical considerations with particular emphasis on the analyst’s witnessing the attacks inflicted by the pathological organization on the patient’s perceptual apparatus.
• Herbert Will: Drei Dimensionen, die eine psychoanalytische Deutung ausmachen
  
  Abstract

  Within contemporary psychoanalysis the concept of interpretation has become increasingly unclear. On this background the author suggests to conceptualize the specific character of psychoanalytic interpretation by three dimensions that he found by reflecting upon the work of Paula Heimann and Wolfgang Loch: The first dimension, the intersubjectivity of the interpreting process, imbeds interpretation within the analytic field and the transference relationship. The second dimension, considering the ›therefore‹ of psychic action, presents the nuclear thought of psychoanalytic interpretation. The third is an evocative dimension. It emphasizes the therapeutic effect of interpretation, stimulating the patient’s growth. These dimensions are being discussed and finally illustrated by a clinical vignette.
• Michel de M’Uzan: Die Objektbeziehung. Zwischen wem, zwischen was? Für wen, für was?
  
  Abstract

  The object relationship experiences a profound change with the concepts created by M. de M’Uzan – such as the »spectrum of identity« or the »psychological chimera« – because for the author the subject is always a transitional one. Even before talking about inside and outside, the subject may have invented a double (Doppelgänger) for himself, so that before distinguishing himself from the nonme, he must have differentiated himself from himself. The author insists on a negotiation between the operative demands infiltrated by the sexual instinct and those of a non-libidinal and purely identitary order of need – which is alien to the sexual, which in turn includes narcissism. Such an identitary scandal therefore requires a new grammar in the interventions and interpretations of the psychoanalyst in the session – presented here by the author. For him, therefore, it is a matter of intensifying the identitary shock that allows access to the new. This is illustrated by several examples.
• Der Prozess des Malens, der malende Körper und das Bild, das Bekannte und das Dumme. Interview mit Daniel Richter, geführt von Uta Zeitzschel

Karl-Abraham-Vorlesung:

• Werner Bohleber: Über Brüche in der Theoriebildung. Ein Beitrag zur Generationengeschichte der Psychoanalyse in Deutschland 1945–1995.
  
  Abstract

  The paper deals with the development of theory in German psychoanalysis after 1945. The opening to international psychoanalysis as a return to Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis and the influx of American ego psychology reversed the psychoanalytic thinking of the time, combined with a renunciation of the unique forms of depth-psychological psychotherapy and psychoanalysis developed at the time and a drying up of a fruitful dialogue with philosophical and anthropological thinking. The promising theoretical approaches associated with this were lost. These breaks, transitions and theoretical new developments as well as their generational anchoring are traced in detail. A generational look at this development can then also shed light on another break in the formation of theory that occurred in the 1980s and -90s in the course of the confrontation with the Nazi past and had the character of a transgenerational conflict.